WHEN AMERICA DEFENDED ENLIGHTENMENT VALUES

BOOK REVIEW

REVOLUTIONARY CHARACTERS: WHAT MADE THE FOUNDERS DIFFERENT, GORDON S. WOOD, PENQUIN, NEW YORK, 2006

In earlier times this writer has been rather blasé about the American Revolution tending to either ignore its lessons or putting it well below another revolution- The Great French Revolution, also celebrated in July- in the pantheon of revolutionary history. However, this is flat-out wrong. We cannot let those more interested in holiday oratory than drawing the real lessons of the American Revolution appropriate what is the hard fought property of every militant today. Make no mistake, however,  the  energy of that long ago revolution has burned itself out and other forces-militant leftists and their allies- and other political creeds-the fight for a workers party and a workers government leading to socialism- have to take its place as a standard-bearer for human progress. That task has been on the historical agenda for a long time and continues to be our task today.

That said, the eminent, if not preeminent, historian of the American revolutionary period Gordon S. Wood has written a collection of sketches which every militant leftist should read in order to get a handle on where the great promise of that experiment has gone fatally off track. It might be the current paucity of political leadership, it might be the ongoing frontal attack on the Enlightenment values that this country was founded on but this writer finds himself drawn to restudy the lives of the participants and the revolutionary history of the founding of this country. Yes, revolutionary-that is the operative word here and it fits. That action was what was necessary to turn royal subjects into citizens and the Founders rose to the occasion.  Make no mistake these were big men (and women, although Mr. Wood strangely in this day in age, does not include any in this study), from Washington on down, with big ideas that are for the most part codified in the frame of government, a genuine Enlightenment document, - the Constitution and, as importantly, the Bill of Rights. It is necessary, as always, to add that this document is severely marred, among other problems, by the capitulation to slavery and the race question embedded in it that has plagued this country to this day. But that is a question for another time.  

Mr. Wood concentrates on the founders here- Washington, Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, and Hamilton. There are no closet socialists here, or for that matter, radical democrats such as Sam Adams, Tom Paine or James Otis. Nor are there nods to the plebian masses that made the revolution and stuck by it through thick and thin. Those types of studies fit the reviewer’s own predilections. Nevertheless, on his own chosen ground Mr. Wood has brought the leadership cadre of the American Revolution to life and done an admirably job of discussing the virtues and anxieties of those men. Notably, there is a great divide between the Founders concepts of civic virtue, use of the public square and civic disinterestedness in comparison to what passes for the leadership of the country today. You know that we are in trouble when John Adams, a not so closet-Tory, looks damn good in comparison to today’s open reactionaries. 

The field of historical writing, like other fields of social research, has gone through various trends in appreciation of the role of leadership and of the masses. Until fairly recently the rage was to look closely at the role of the masses in social struggles. Those studies are still desperately needed. However,   I do not believe that it is accidental that today’s trend is to rethink the leadership question in the American Revolution at a time when there is such an obvious lack of it. Some of Mr. Wood’s judgments about particular leaders can be disputed but the overall impression is that these men were not faking their Enlightenment values; in short, they for the most part put their lives on the line for this little democratic experiment. And they were not wrong. As stated above, we need to defend those hard fought for rights- and move beyond them. Read this book.